This paper proposes a simple, accurate, and easy to model approach for the simulation of photovoltaic (PV) array and also provides\na comparative analysis of the same with two other widely usedmodels. It is highly imperative that the maximum power point (MPP)\nis achieved effectively and thus a simple and robustmathematicalmodel is necessary that poses less mathematical complexity aswell\nas lowdata storage requirement, inwhich the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm can be realized in an effective way.\nFurther, the resemblance of the P-V and I-V curves as obtained on the basis of experimental data should also be taken into account\nfor theoretical validation. In addition, the study incorporates the root mean square deviation (RMSD) from the experimental data,\nthe fill factor (FF), the efficiency of the model, and the time required for simulation. Two models have been used to investigate the\nI-V and P-V characteristics. Perturb and Observe method has been adopted for MPPT. The MPP tracking is realized using field\nprogrammable gate array (FPGA) to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. All the systems are modeled and simulated\nin MATLAB/Simulink environment.
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